支付结算系统术语与解释（中/英）：1

A

assured payment system: an arrangement in an exchange-for-value system under which completion of timely settlement of a payment instruction is supported by an irrevocable and unconditional commitment from a third party (typically a bank, syndicate of banks or clearing house).

受保支付系统：一种价值交换系统协议，其中，一笔支付指令的按时结算完成需要第三方（通常为银行、银行辛迪加、清算所）不可撤销与无条件的承诺支持。

automated clearing house: an electronic clearing system in which payment orders are exchanged among financial institutions, primarily via magnetic media or telecommunications networks, and handled by a data processing centre.

自动化清算所（ACH）：一种电子清算系统，系统中支付指令主要通过磁介质或电信网络在金融机构之间进行交换并由数据处理中心处理。

automated teller machine: an electromechanical device that permits authorised users, typically using machine-readable plastic cards, to withdraw cash from their accounts and/or access other services, such as balance enquiries, transfer of funds or acceptance of deposits. ATMs may be operated either online with real-time access to an authorization database or offline.

自动柜员机（ATM）：一种机电设备，授权用户通常可利用机器可读的塑料卡，从其帐户提取现金并可访问其他如余额查询、资金转帐、接收存款等服务。ATM可以以联机实时访问授权数据库或脱机两种方式运行。

B

bank draft: in Europe, the term generally refers to a draft drawn by a bank on itself. The draft is purchased by the payer and sent to the payee, who presents it to his bank for payment. That bank presents it to the payer’s bank for reimbursement. In the United States, the term generally refers to a draft or cheque drawn by a bank on itself or on funds deposited with another bank. In the case of a cashier’s cheque, the bank is both the drawer and drawee. In the case of a teller’s cheque, one bank is the drawer and a second bank is the drawee. Bank drafts may be written by a bank for its own purposes or may be purchased by a customer and sent to a payee to discharge an obligation.

银行汇票：在欧洲，该术语通常指一种由银行自身兑付的票据。银行汇票由付方在银行购买并发送给收方，收方向其开户银行提交银行汇票要求支付，收方开户银行再将银行汇票提交给付方银行要求偿付。在美国，该术语通常指由银行自身或者从其他银行兑付的汇票或支票。在银行本票中，银行既是出票人又是受票人。在银行柜员支票中，一家银行是出票人，另一家银行是受票人。银行汇票可能由银行根据自身目的签发或由客户购买并发送给收款人以清偿债务。

Batch: the transmission or processing of a group of payment orders and/or securities transfer instructions as a set at discrete intervals of time.

批处理：一组支付指令和/或证券转让指令作为一个集合以不连续的时间间隔发送或处理。

bilateral net settlement system: a settlement system in which participants’ bilateral net settlement positions are settled between every bilateral combination of participants.

双边轧差结算系统：一种结算系统，其中参与者的双边轧差结算余额在每对参与者之间进行结算。

bilateral netting: an arrangement between two parties to net their bilateral obligations. The obligations covered by the arrangement may arise from financial contracts, transfers or both. See also multilateral netting, netting, net settlement.

双边轧差：双方之间对其双边债务进行轧差的协议。协议包含的债务可能产生于金融合同或转帐交易，或同时产生于两者。

bill of exchange: a written order from one party（the drawer）to another（the drawee）to pay a specified sum on demand or on a specified date to the drawer or to a third party specified by the drawer. Widely used to finance trade and, when discounted with a financial institution, to obtain credit.

汇票：一方（出票人）提交给另一方（受票人）的书面票据，要求受票人向出票人或出票人指定的第三方随时或在规定的日期支付一笔特定的数额。广泛用于金融交易以及（当在银行贴现时）获得信用。

book-entry system: an accounting system that permits the transfer of claims（eg electronic transfer of securities）without the physical movement of paper documents or certificates.

簿记系统：一种记帐系统，在没有票据或凭证实物移动的情况下能够进行债权转让，如证券电子化转让。

C

cash card: card for use only in ATMs or cash dispensers（other cards often have a cash function that permits the holder to withdraw cash）.

提款卡：只在ATM或自动提款机上使用的卡，通常其他卡也有提款功能，允许持卡人提取现金。

cash dispenser: electromechanical device that permits consumers, typically using machine-readable plastic cards, to withdraw banknotes (currency) and, in some cases, coins. See also automated teller machine.

自动提款机：一种机电设备，允许消费者主要利用机器可读的塑料卡提取纸币现金，有时也可提取硬币。

central securities depository: a facility (or an institution) for holding securities, which enables securities transactions to be processed by book entry. Physical securities may be immobilised by the depository or securities may be dematerialised (ie so that they exist only as electronic records). In addition to safekeeping, a central securities depository may incorporate comparison, clearing and settlement functions.

中央证券托管：一种保管证券的服务或机构，它使证券交易可由簿记系统进行处理。实物证券可以固定地由托管机构保管（而不进行实物交割），或实现证券的无形化（即证券可仅以电子记录的形式存在）。除了保管以外，中央证券托管还可能结合撮合、清算与结算功能。

cheque: a written order from one party（the drawer）to another（the drawee, normally a bank）requiring the drawee to pay a specified sum on demand to the drawer or to a third party specified by the drawer. Cheques may be used for settling debts and withdrawing money from banks.

支票：一方（出票人）提交给另一方（受票人，通常是银行）的书面票据，要求受票人对出票人或出票人指定的第三方随时支付一笔特定的数额。可用于清偿债务以及从银行提取现金。

cheque guarantee card: a card issued as part of a cheque guarantee system. This function may be combined with other functions in the same card, eg those of a cash card or debit card.

支票保付卡：作为支票担保制度的一部分而发行的卡。同一张卡中还可能结合其他的功能，如作为提款卡或借记卡。

cheque guarantee system: a system to guarantee cheques, typically up to a specified amount, that have been validated by the merchant either on the basis of a card issued to the cheque writer or through a central database accessible to merchants. Validated cheques are guaranteed by the issuer of the guarantee card, the drawee bank or the system operator.

支票保付系统：一种对支票（通常为一定限额内）进行担保的制度，支票由商户根据向支票鉴发人发行的卡进行确认，或通过商户可访问的中央数据库确认。确认后的支票由保付卡的发行者、受票行或系统运营者担保。

chip card: also known as an IC（integrated circuit）card. A card containing one or more computer chips or integrated circuits for identification, data storage or special purpose processing used to validate personal identification numbers（PINs）,authorise purchases, verify account balances and store personal records. In some cases, the memory in the card is updated every time the card is used（eg an account balance is updated）.

芯片卡：也称IC（集成电路）卡。卡中包含一个或多个计算机芯片或集成电路，用于识别、数据存储或特殊处理，以确认个人识别码（PINs）、购物授权、检验帐户余额以及存储个人档案。在一些情况中，卡的存储器随卡的使用而更新，如帐户余额的更新。

clearing/clearance: the process of transmitting, reconciling and, in some cases, confirming payment orders or security transfer instructions prior to settlement, possibly including the netting of instructions and the establishment of final positions for settlement. Sometimes the term is used（imprecisely）to include settlement.

清算：结算之前对支付指令或证券转让指令进行发送、对帐（有时包括确认）等处理，还可能包括指令轧差和生成结算的最终余额。有时该术语包含结算（不严密地）。

clearing house: a central location or central processing mechanism through which financial institutions agree to exchange payment instructions or other financial obligations（eg securities）. The institutions settle for items exchanged at a designated time based on the rules and procedures of the clearing house. In some cases, the clearing house may assume significant counterparty, financial or risk management responsibilities for the clearing system. See also clearing/clearance, clearing system.

清算所：金融机构交换支付指令或其他金融债务（如证券）的一个中心地点或一种中央处理机制。金融机构根据清算所的规则与流程在指定的时间交换要结算的凭证。在一些情况中，清算所可能作为重要订约方，承担清算系统的金融或风险管理责任。

clearing house funds: term most commonly used in certain US markets to refer to funds that typically are provisional on the day of receipt and final on the following day. More specifically, the term is used to refer to monetary claims with next day finality that are exchanged by participants in certain clearing house arrangements in settlement of obligations arising from the clearing process. Such claims are typically transferred via cheques, drafts or other similar payment.

清算所资金：主要用于美国某些市场，指通常在接收日是临时的而在次日是确定的资金。更明确地，指一些清算所协定中，在结算由清算处理产生的债务时，由参与方交换的具有次日最终性的货币债权。这种债权主要通过支票、汇票或其他类似支付工具进行转帐。

clearing system: a set of procedures whereby financial institutions present and exchange data and/or documents relating to funds or securities transfers to other financial institutions at a single location （clearing house）. The procedures often also include a mechanism for the calculation of participants’ bilateral and/or multilateral net positions with a view to facilitating the settlement of their obligations on a net or net net basis.

清算系统：金融机构在同一地点（清算所）向其他金融机构提交和交换与资金或转帐证券转让相关的数据和/或文件的一套做法。通常包含参与者双边和/或多边轧差余额计算的机制，目的是便于在轧差或净轧差的基础上进行债务结算。

credit card: a card indicating that the holder has been granted a line of credit. It enables the holder to make purchases and/or withdraw cash up to a prearranged ceiling; the credit granted can be settled in full by the end of a specified period or can be settled in part, with the balance taken as extended credit. Interest is charged on the amount of any extended credit and the holder is sometimes charged an annual fee.

信用卡：一种表明持卡人拥有一定信用额度的卡。持卡人能够在预定的最高限额内进行购买活动和/或提取现金；提供的信用可以在规定期限末一次付清，或只偿付一部分，余下部分保留作为延期信用。任何延期信用会被收取利息并且持卡人有时要交纳年度费用。

credit transfer: a payment order or possibly a sequence of payment orders made for the purpose of placing funds at the disposal of the beneficiary. Both the payment instructions and the funds described therein move from the bank of the payer/originator to the bank of the beneficiary, possibly via several other banks as intermediaries and/or more than one credit transfer system.

信用转帐：目的为把资金转给受益人由其支配而发出的一笔或一个序列的支付指令。支付指令及指令中所规定的资金都从付款人／发起者的开户行移交到受益人的开户行，这个过程可能通过多家作为中介的其他银行，以及/或多个信用转帐系统。

credit transfer system: a funds transfer system through which payment orders move from (the bank of) the originator of the transfer message or payer to (the bank of) the receiver of the message or beneficiary.

信用转帐系统：支付指令从转帐消息的发起者或付款人（的开户行）发送至支付消息的接收者或受益人（的开户行）的资金转帐系统。