支付结算系统术语与解释（中/英）：2

D

daylight credit: credit extended for a period of less than one business day; in a credit transfer system with end-of-day final settlement, daylight credit is tacitly extended by a receiving institution if it accepts and acts on a payment order even though it will not receive final funds until the end of the business day. Also called daylight overdraft, daylight exposure and intraday credit.

日间信用：一个营业日以内的信用；在日终结算的信用转帐系统中，假定接受了支付指令，并且即使在营业日结算前不能收到最终资金也按指令的要求行动的话，接受机构就在实事上提供了日间信贷。也称日间透支、日间风险、日内信用。

debit card: card enabling the holder to have his purchases directly charged to funds on his account at a deposit-taking institution（may sometimes be combined with another function, eg that of a cash card or cheque guarantee card）.

借记卡：使持卡人能够从其吸收存款机构开立帐户对购买活动进行直接付款的卡，有时可能结合其他的功能，如作为提款卡、支票保付卡。

debit transfer system: a funds transfer system in which debit collection orders made or authorised by the payer move from（the bank of）the payee to（the bank of）the payer and result in a charge（debit）to the account of the payer; for example, cheque-based systems are typical debit transfer systems. Also called debit collection system.

借记转帐系统：一种资金转帐系统，付款人生成或授权的借记托收指令从收款行转发到付款行并对付款人帐户进行扣帐（借记）。例如，支票系统都是典型的借记转帐系统。

delayed debit card: card issued by banks indicating that the holder may charge his account up to an authorised limit. It enables him to make purchases but does not offer extended credit, the full amount of the debt incurred having to be settled at the end of a specified period. The holder is usually charged an annual fee.

延迟借记卡：由银行发行的卡，持卡人可在一定的授权限额内利用其帐户进行付款。它使持卡人能够进行购买活动而不需增加其帐户信用，发生的债务总额必须在一个特定的期限末结算。通常对持卡人收取年度费用。

Delivery: final transfer of a security or financial instrument.

交割：证券或金融工具的最终转让。

delivery-versus-payment system: a mechanism in an exchange-for-value settlement system that ensures that the final transfer of one asset occurs if and only if the final transfer of（an）other asset（s）occurs. Assets could include monetary assets（such as foreign exchange）, securities or other financial instruments.

付款交割方式：价值交换结算系统中的一种机制，确保当且仅当其他资产的最终转让发生的同时发生某种资产的最终转让。资产可能包括货币资产（如外汇）、证券或其他金融工具。

Dematerialisation: the elimination of physical certificates or documents of title which represent ownership of securities so that securities exist only as accounting records.

无形化：消除实物凭证或代表证券所有权的契约文件，使证券仅以会计记录的形式存在。

digital signature: a string of data generated by a cryptographic method that is attached to a message to ensure its authenticity as well as to protect the recipient against repudiation by the sender.

数字签名：由密码算法生成的数据串，附加在消息中保证其真实性以及保护消息的接收不被发送者所否认。

direct debit: preauthorised debit on the payer’s bank account initiated by the payee.

直接借记：由收款人发起，对付款人银行帐户进行的预授权借记。

direct participant/member: the term generally denotes participants in a funds or securities transfer system that directly exchange transfer orders with other participants in the system. In some systems, direct participants also exchange orders on behalf of indirect participants. Depending on the system, direct participants may or may not also be settling participants. In the EC context, this term has a specific meaning: it refers to participants in a transfer system which are responsible to the settlement institution（or to all other participants）for the settlement of their own payments, those of their customers and those of indirect participants on whose behalf they are settling.

直接参与者／会员：通常指资金或证券转让系统中与系统其他参与者直接交换转帐指令的参与者。在一些系统中，直接参与者可代表间接参与者交换指令。根据不同的系统，直接参与者可能是也可能不是结算的参与者。在欧共体的文章中，这一名词具有特定的意义：它指转帐系统中负责对结算机构（或对所有其他参与者）对自身、其客户、以及间接参与者的支付进行结算的参与者。

Discharge: release from a legal obligation imposed by contract or law.

清偿：从合同或法律施加的法定债务中解脱出来。

Draft: a written order from one party（the drawer）to another（the drawee）to pay a party identified on the order（payee）or to the bearer a specified sum, either on demand（sight draft）or on a specified date（time draft）.

个人汇票：由出票人提交给受票人的，向票据中指定的当事人或向出票人自己随时（即期个人汇票）或按规定时间（定期个人汇票）支付一定数额的书面指令。

E

electronic data interchange: the electronic exchange between commercial entities (in some cases also public administrations), in a standard format, of data relating to a number of message categories, such as orders, invoices, customs documents, remittance advices and payments. EDI messages are sent through public data transmission networks or banking system channels. Any movement of funds initiated by EDI is reflected in payment instructions flowing through the banking system. EDIFACT, a United Nations body, has established standards for electronic data interchange.

电子数据交换：商业实体（有时也包括公共行政机构）间对一系列消息类型，如订单、发票、海关报单、汇款通知书、支付相关的数据以标准格式进行的电子交换。EDI消息通过公用数据传输网络或银行系统的渠道传送。由EDI发起的任何资金流动都反映在通过银行系统流动的支付指令中。EDIFACT是联合国的一个机构，负责制定电子数据交换标准。

electronic money: value stored electronically in a device such as a chip card or a hard drive in a personal computer.

电子货币：以电子化方式存储于如芯片卡、个人电脑硬盘等设备中的价值。

end-of-day gross settlement systems: funds transfer systems in which payment orders are received one by one by the settlement agent during the business day, but in which final settlement takes place at the end of the day on a one by one or aggregate gross basis. This definition also applies to gross settlement systems in which payments are settled in real time but remain revocable until the end of the day.

日终全额结算系统：资金转帐系统，结算机构在营业日内逐条接收支付指令，但于日终进行逐条或汇总方式的全额结算。该定义也适用于支付进行实时结算但直至日终仍可被取消的全额结算系统。

exchange-for-value settlement system: system which involves the exchange of assets, such as money, foreign exchange, securities or other financial instruments, in order to discharge settlement obligations. These systems may use one or more funds transfer systems in order to satisfy the payment obligations that are generated. The links between the exchange of assets and the payment system（s） may be manual or electronic. See also delivery-versus-payment system.

价值交换结算系统：涉及资产如资金、外汇、证券或其他金融工具的交换系统，目的在于清偿结算债务。这些系统可能使用一个或多个资金转帐系统来偿清生成的支付债务。资产交换与支付系统间的联结方式可以是手工方式也可以是电子方式。

F

face-to-face payment: payment carried out by the exchange of instruments between the payer and the payee in the same physical location.

面对面支付：在同一个自然地点，付款人和收款人之间通过支付工具的交换所实现的支付。

final settlement: settlement which is irrevocable and unconditional.

最终结算：不可撤销和无条件的结算。

final transfer: an irrevocable and unconditional transfer which effects a discharge of the obligation to make the transfer. The terms “delivery” and “payment” are each defined as a final transfer.

最终性转帐：一种不可撤销的和无条件的转帐，完成转帐债务的清偿。术语“交割”和“支付”都必然包含一次最终性转帐。

G

Gridlock: a situation that can arise in a funds or securities transfer system in which the failure of some transfer instructions to be executed（because the necessary funds or securities balances are unavailable）prevents a substantial number of other instructions from other participants from being executed.

死锁：在资金或证券转让系统中，由于一些转帐指令执行失败（因为没有足够的资金或证券余额）而阻碍其他参与者的大量其他指令的执行。

gross settlement system: a transfer system in which the settlement of funds or securities transfer instructions occurs individually（on an instruction by instruction basis）.

全额结算系统：一种转帐系统，资金或证券转帐指令的结算逐笔进行。