支付结算系统术语与解释（中/英）：3

H

home banking: banking services which a retail customer of a financial institution can access using a telephone, television set, terminal or personal computer as a telecommunications link to the institution’s computer centre.

家庭银行：一种银行服务，金融机构的零售业务客户可利用电话、电视、终端或个人计算机作为与金融机构的计算机中心进行电讯联接的手段进行访问。

I

interbank funds transfer system: a funds transfer system in which most（or all）direct participants are financial institutions, particularly banks and other credit institutions.

行间资金转帐系统：一种资金转帐系统，其中大多数（或全部）直接参与者是金融机构，特别是银行和其他信贷机构。

interchange fee: transaction fee payable in the context of a payment card network by one participating financial institution to another, for example by an acquirer to a card issuer in respect of a card payment by the cardholder to the card acceptor（merchant）.

交换费：支付卡网络中参与金融机构的一方对另一方的应付交易费，例如持卡人对收卡方（商家）进行的卡支付中收单行对发卡行（的应付交易费）。

interoperability: a situation in which payment instruments belonging to a given scheme may be used in other countries and in systems installed by other schemes. Interoperability requires technical compatibility between systems, but can only take effect where commercial agreements have been concluded between the schemes concerned.

互操作性：属于某个特定方案中的支付工具能够用于其他国家由其他方案所建立的系统中的情况。互操作性要求系统间技术兼容，但只有相关方案之间达成商业协议才得以生效。

issuer: the entity which is obligated on a security or other financial instrument. For example, a corporation or government having the authority to issue and sell a security, or a bank that approves a letter of credit. Issuer is sometimes used to refer to a financial institution that issues credit or debit cards.

发行商：对证券或其他金融工具负有债务的机构。例如，有权发行和出售证券的公司或政府机构、批准信用证的银行。过去常指发行贷记或借记卡的金融机构。

L

large-value funds transfer system: a funds transfer system through which large-value and highpriority funds transfers are made between participants in the system for their own account or on behalf of their customers. Although, as a rule, no minimum value is set for the payments they carry, the average size of payments passed through such systems is usually relatively large. Large-value funds transfer systems are sometimes known as wholesale funds transfer systems.

大额资金转帐系统：系统参与者以其自身帐户或代表其客户进行的大额以及高优先级资金转帐的资金转帐系统。尽管规则上不设定最小支付金额，但通过这类系统的平均支付额通常都相当大。大额资金转帐系统有时也称批发资金转帐系统。

letter of credit: a promise by a bank or other issuer to a third party to make payment on behalf of a customer in accordance with specified conditions. Frequently used in international trade to make funds available in a foreign location.

信用证：银行或其他发行商根据特定的条件，代表客户对第三方进行支付的一种承诺。常用于国际贸易中，以使资金可在国外某地抵用。

limited-purpose prepaid card: a prepaid card which can be used for a limited number of well defined purposes. Its use is often restricted to a number of well identified points of sale within a well identified location（eg a building, corporation or university）. In the case of single-purpose prepaid cards, the card issuer and the service provider may be identical（eg cards used in public telephones）.

有限用途预付卡：用于有限数量用途的预付卡。通常限于一定数量的指定地点（如建筑物、公司、大学）的指定销售点。在单用途预付卡的情况中，发卡机构以及服务提供者可能是同一的（如公用电话卡）。

liquidity risk: the risk that a counterparty（or participant in a settlement system）will not settle an obligation for full value when due. Liquidity risk does not imply that a counterparty or participant is insolvent since it may be able to settle the required debit obligations at some unspecified time thereafter.

流动性风险：订约方（或结算系统的参与者）到期不能全部结算债务时所产生的风险。流动性风险并不是指订约方或参与者没有偿付能力，因为他或许在以后的某个不确定的时间能够结算其所必须清偿的债务。

M

magnetic ink character recognition: a technique, using special MICR machine-readable characters, by which documents (ie cheques, credit transfers, direct debits) are read by machines for electronic processing.

磁性墨水字符识别：一种使用特殊的MICR机器可读字符的技术，文件（如支票、信用转帐、直接借记）可通过该技术由MICR设备读入以进行电子处理。

money order: an instrument used to remit money to the named payee, often used by persons who do not have a chequing account relationship with a financial institution, to pay bills or to transfer money to another person or to a company. There are three parties to a money order: the remitter (payer), the payee and the drawee. Drawees are usually financial institutions or post offices. Payees can either cash their money orders or present them to their bank for collection.

汇款单：用以向记名收款人汇款的工具，通常为没有金融机构支票帐户的人使用，以支付帐单或向其他人或公司转让资金。汇款单涉及三方：汇款人(付款人)、收款人、受票人。受票人通常是金融机构或邮政局。收款人可以兑现其汇款单也可提交给其开户行托收。

multilateral net settlement position: the sum of the value of all the transfers a participant in a net settlement system has received during a certain period of time less the value of the transfers made by the participant to all other participants. If the sum is positive, the participant is in a multilateral net credit position; if the sum is negative, the participant is in a multilateral net debit position.

多边轧差结算余额：净额结算系统的参与者在一定的时间内，收到的所有转帐额减去他对其他所有参与者的转帐额所得的差额。若差额为正，参与者处于多边轧差贷记状态；若差额为负，参与者处于多边轧差借记状态。

multilateral net settlement system: a settlement system in which each settling participant settles（typically by means of a single payment or receipt）the multilateral net settlement position which results from the transfers made and received by it, for its own account and on behalf of its customers or non-settling participants for which it is acting.

多边轧差结算系统：一种结算系统，其中每个结算参与者对多边轧差结算余额进行结算（通常通过发送或接收一笔支付来完成），该余额由其自身帐户以及代表其客户或其代理的非结算参与者发送和接收的转帐指令所产生。

multilateral netting: an arrangement among three or more parties to net their obligations. The obligations covered by the arrangement may arise from financial contracts, transfers or both. The multilateral netting of payment obligations normally takes place in the context of a multilateral net settlement system.

netting on a multilateral basis is arithmetically achieved by summing each participant’s bilateral net positions with the other participants to arrive at a multilateral net position. Such netting is conducted through a central counterparty (such as a clearing house) that is legally substituted as the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer. The multilateral net position represents the bilateral net position between each participant and the central counterparty.

多边轧差：三方或者多方对其债务进行轧差的一种协议，包含的债务可能由金融合同、转帐或同时由两者产生。付款债务的多边轧差通常发生在多边轧差结算系统中。

多边的轧差在算术上是通过计算每个参与者与其他参与者之间的双边轧差余额而得到一个多边轧差余额。这种轧差通过一个中央订约方（如清算所）在法律上作为每一个卖方的买方，以及每一个买方的卖方而实现。每一个参与者与中央订约方之间的双边轧差形成了多边轧差余额。