支付结算系统术语与解释（中/英）：4

N

net credit（or debit）position: a participant’s net credit or net debit position in a netting system is the sum of the value of all the transfers it has received up to a particular point in time less the value of all transfers it has sent. If the difference is positive, the participant is in a net credit position; if the difference is negative, the participant is in a net debit position. The net credit or net debit position at settlement time is called the net settlement position. These net positions may be calculated on a bilateral or multilateral basis.

净贷记或借记余额：轧差系统中参与者在规定的时间点以内收到的全部转帐金额减去发送的全部转帐金额所得的差额。若差额为正，该参与者处于净贷记状态；若差额为负，该参与者处于净借记状态。在结算时间计算出的净贷记或借记余额称为净结算余额。这些净余额可以按双边或多边的方式进行计算。

net settlement: the settlement of a number of obligations or transfers between or among counterparties on a net basis.

净额结算：在两个或多个参与者之间按轧差的方式对多笔转帐或债务进行的结算。

netting: an agreed offsetting of positions or obligations by trading partners or participants. The netting reduces a large number of individual positions or obligations to a smaller number of obligations or positions. Netting may take several forms which have varying degrees of legal enforceability in the event of default of one of the parties.

轧差：交易伙伴或系统参与者之间一致同意的余额或债务对冲。轧差把大量逐笔交易余额或债务减少至较小数目的债务或余额。轧差可采用不同的方式进行，这些方式在一方丧失清偿能力的情况下，其法律强制轧差的程度不尽相同。

O

obligation: a duty imposed by contract or law. It is also used to describe a security or other financial instrument, such as a bond or promissory note, which contains the issuer’s undertaking to pay the owner.

债务：合同或法律赋予的责任。它也用来描述证券或其他金融工具，比如债务或期票，这些票证包含了发行者必须向其所有者支付的承诺。

offline: in the context of payment and settlement systems, the term may refer to the transmission of transfer instructions by users, through such means as voice, written or telefaxed instructions, that must subsequently be input into a transfer processing system. The term may also refer to the storage of data by the transfer processing system on media such as magnetic tape or disk such that the user may not have direct and immediate access to the data.

脱机：在支付与结算系统中，该术语可以指用户通过一些如语音、书面、电传等方式的转帐指令的发送，随后支付指令被输入到转帐处理系统中。该术语也可指转帐处理系统将数据存储于如磁带、磁盘等介质上，使得用户不能直接和立即访问数据。

online: in the context of payment and settlement systems, this term may refer to the transmission of transfer instructions by users, through such electronic means as computer-to-computer interfaces or electronic terminals, that are entered into a transfer processing system by automated means. The term may also refer to the storage of data by a transfer processing system on a computer database such that the user has direct access to the data（frequently in real time）through input/output devices such as terminals.

in electronic money systems, indicates that a direct connection is made to a centralised computer system for authorisation or validation before a transaction can be executed.

联机：在支付和结算系统中，该术语可以指用户通过计算机间接口或电子终端等电子手段对转帐指令的发送，转帐指令通过自动化的方式进入转帐处理系统。该术语也可指转帐处理系统将数据存储于计算机数据库上，使得用户可以通过输入/输出设备（如终端）直接（常常是实时的）访问数据。

在电子货币系统中，该术语指为执行一笔交易的授权或验证而对中央计算机系统的直接连接。

optical character recognition: a technique, using special OCR machine-readable characters, by which documents（eg cheques, credit transfers, direct debits）are read by machines for electronic processing.

光学字符识别：一种利用特殊的OCR机器可读字符的技术，文件（如支票、信用转帐、直接借记）通过它由机器读取以进行电子处理。

P

paperless credit transfers: credit transfers that do not involve the exchange of paper documents between banks. Other credit transfers are referred to as being paper-based.

无纸信用转帐：银行间没有票据交换的信用转帐。其他信用转帐称为票据信用转帐。

participant/member: a party who participates in a transfer system. This generic term refers to an institution which is identified by a transfer system (eg by a bank identification number) and is allowed to send payment orders directly to the system or which is directly bound by the rules governing the transfer system.

参与者/会员：参与转帐系统的当事人。这一通称指转帐系统（如按银行识别码）认定的机构，并且允许直接对转帐系统发送支付指令，而且直接受管理转帐系统的章程制约。

payment: the payer’s transfer of a monetary claim on a party acceptable to the payee. Typically, claims take the form of banknotes or deposit balances held at a financial institution or at a central bank.

支付：付款人对收款人进行的当事人可接受的货币债权转让。货币债权的主要形式为纸币或在金融机构或央行的存款余额。

payment instrument: any instrument enabling the holder/user to transfer funds.

支付工具：使持有者/用户能够进行资金转帐的工具。

payment message/instruction: an order or message to transfer funds（in the form of a monetary claim on a party）to the order of the beneficiary. The order may relate either to a credit transfer or to a debit transfer. See also credit transfer, debit transfer system, payment.

支付消息/指令：一种对受益人进行资金转帐（以货币债权的形式）的指令或报文信息。支付指令或者与贷记转帐有关，或者与借记转帐有关。

payment system: a payment system consists of a set of instruments, banking procedures and, typically, interbank funds transfer systems that ensure the circulation of money.

支付系统：支付系统由一整套支付工具、银行办法，以及通常为确保货币流通的行间资金转帐系统组成。

payment versus payment: a mechanism in a foreign exchange settlement system which ensures that a final transfer of one currency occurs if and only if a final transfer of the other currency or currencies takes place.

对等支付：外汇交易结算系统中，确保一种货币的最终转帐与另一种货币的最终转帐同步进行同时完成的机制。

personal identification number: a numeric code which the cardholder may need to quote for verification of identity. In electronic transactions, it is seen as the equivalent of a signature.

个人识别码：持卡人需要提供的一种数字代码用以验证其身份。在电子交易中，它相当于签名。

point of sale/POS: this term refers to the use of payment cards at a retail location（point of sale）. The payment information is captured either by paper vouchers or by electronic terminals, which in some cases are designed also to transmit the information. Where this is so, the arrangement may be referred to as “electronic funds transfer at the point of sale” （EFTPOS）.

销售点：该术语指在零售点使用支付卡。支付信息通过纸凭证或电子终端获得，在一些情况中，电子终端还用以发送信息。这种情况也称为“销售点电子资金转帐（EFTPOS）”。

position netting: the netting of instructions in respect of obligations between two or more parties which neither satisfies nor discharges those original individual obligations. Also referred to as payment netting, in the case of payment instructions, and advisory netting.

状态轧差：双边或多边与债务相关的指令轧差，这种轧差既未清偿也未解除原始的逐笔债务。在支付指令情况中也指支付轧差，以及咨询轧差。

prepaid card: a card on which value is stored, and for which the holder has paid the issuer in advance.

预付卡：存有价值，并且持卡人已事先向发卡商完成支付的卡。